Return to “Underwater Lights”

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Note: All lines beginning with a 4000 series number are from “UFOs and the Extraterrestrial Contact Movement: a bibliography, by George M. Eberhart © 1986 published by The Scarecrow Press, Inc., Metuchen, N.J.

Those lines in bold print are in my file

MARINE LUMINESCENCE

By George M. Eberhart

A corollary to submarine UFOs is the well-known but poorly understood phenomenon of geometrical, phosphorescent displays on the surface of tropical seas. These most often take the form of moving, parallel bands of light (4417, 4535), or huge, spoke-like luminous pinwheels (4456, 4485, 4519).

Usually explained as the result of bioluminescent discharges from microorganisms (particularly the dinoflagellate Noctiluca), these eerie displays maintain their geometry for several minutes to over an hour. The mystery lies in what stimulus provokes the tiny creatures to emit so much light in such peculiar patterns.

The reports have been widely repeated in UFO literature as possible effects from submerged UFOs. Whether or not that is true, a better understanding of nocturnal light UFOs might well come about from a close examination of marine luminescence. Indeed, some displays seem to be centered several feet above the surface of the water (4395, 4452), a neat trick for unicellular marine organisms.

William Corliss (4383) has presented an excellent survey of the topic. Nearly every issue of the excellent nautical journal MARINE OBSERVER contains at least one report.

Monographs

4382. Corliss, William R., ed. A HANDBOOK OF UNUSUAL NATURAL PHENOMENA. Glen Arm, Md.: Sourcebook Project, 1977. pp. 147-62.

Revised paperback ed., Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor, 1981. pp. 76-87.

**4383. -------, ed. LIGHTNING, AURORAS, NOCTURNAL LIGHTS, AND RELATED LUMINOUS PHENOMENA: A CATALOG OF GEOPHYSICAL ANOMALIES. Glen Arm, Md.: Sourcebook Project, 1982. pp. 180-209.

4384. -------, ed. STRANGE PHENOMENA: A SOURCEBOOK OF UNUSUAL NATURAL PHENOMENA. 2 vols. Glen Arm, Md.: Sourcebook Project, 1974. Vol. G1, pp. 175-80; vol. G2, pp. 119-22.

4385. -------. THE UNEXPLAINED: A SOURCEBOOK OF STRANGE PHENOMENA. New York: Bantam, 1976. pp. 221-29.

4386. Heyerdahl, Thor. KON-TIKI: ACROSS THE PACIFIC BY RAFT. Chicago: Rand-McNally, 1950. pp. 118-20.

4387. Ley, Willy. WILLY LEY's FOR YOUR INFORMATION: ON EARTH AND IN THE SKY. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1967. pp. 69-88.

4388. Prior, James. NARRATIVE OF A VOYAGE IN THE INDIAN SEAS IN THE NISUS FRIGATE...DURING THE YEARS 1810 AND 1811. London: R. Phillips, 1820. pp. 56, 73-74.

4389. Sanderson, Ivan T. INVISIBLE RESIDENTS: A DISQUISITION UPON CERTAIN MATTERS MARITIME, AND THE POSSIBILITY OF INTELLIGENT LIFE UNDER THE WATERS OF THE EARTH. New York: World, 1970. pp. 96-114. Book Club ed., pp. 83-98.

ARTICLES

Line Format

Index # - Author or “Title” - “Title” – Publication – Vol. # - (Date) - : Page # - (from reference)

4390. Almond, J.G. "White Water.” Marine Observer, 11 (1934): 90.

XXXX. Anderson, F.G.J.; "Bioluminescence," Marine Observer, 61 (1991): 117. (Corliss)

4391. Aplin, J.P. "Phosphorescence.” Marine Observer 23 (1953): 7.

4392. "April 4, 1901: Phosphorescent Sea." Nature 125 (1930): 513.

4393. Armstrong, G. R. "Phosphorescent Wheels." Marine Observer 29 (1959): 54-55.

4394. Arthur, D.E.O. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 27 (1957): 92-93.

4395. Austen, G.A. ''Phosphorescence Seen in the Air." Marine Observer 26 (1956): 78.

4396. Bailey, F.W. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 29 (1959): 176.

4397. Baker, F.G. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 22 (1952): 190-92.

4398. Banna, J. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 48 (1978): 16-17.

4399. Barrett, James W. (Letter), "A White Sea." Nature 58 (1898): 496-97.

4400. Barth, H. "Phosphorescent Wheels." Marine Observer 24 (1954): 74-75.

4401. Baxter, R.R. "Phosphorescent Wheels." Marine Observer 26 (1956): 78-80.

4402. Bodler, J.R. "An Unexplained Phenomenon of the Sea." proceedings of the U.S. Naval Institute 78 (1952): 66-67.

Reprinted as "Wheel of Light...in the Sea." Fate 5 (September 1952): 79-81.

4403. Bolton, F.G. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 29 (1959): 111.

XXXX. Bowden, F. “Bioluminescence,” Marine Observer 62 (1992): 64 (Corliss)

4404. Bradley, E.E. "Phosphorescent Wheels." Marine Observer 29 (1959): 54.

XXXX. Briand, J.P.; Bioluminescence," Marine Observer, 66 (1996): 12. (Corliss)

4405. "Brilliant Gulf Waters." Monthly Weather Review 36 (1908): 371-72.

XXXX. Brace, Lee Fore; “Strange Phenomenon,” Knowledge, 4 (1883): 396. (Corliss)

4406. Brisley, P.L. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 3 (1926): 40-41.

4407. Brooks, E.G. "Phosphorescent Wheel." Marine Observer 4 (1927): 169.

4408. Brown, A.C. "Phosphorescent Wheels." Marine Observer 39 (1969): 66.

4409. Brown, A.J. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 7 (1930): 169.

4410. Brown, D.G. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 49 (1979): 189.

4411. Brown, E.M. "Phosphorescent Wheels." Marine Observer 41 (1971): 59.

4412. Bruce, S. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 27 (1957): 142.

4413. Bruce, S. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 31 (1961): 184-85.

4414. Bryant, R.B. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 31 (1961): 123.

4415. Buchanan, Francis. "Account of an Extraordinary Appearance of the Sea, Observed 31st July 1785, in a Voyage from

Johanna to Bombay." Edinburgh Philosophical Journal 5 (1821): 303-304.

XXXX. Burgess, G.; "Bioluminescence in the Molucca Sea," Marine Observer, 68 (1998): 201. (Corliss)

4416. Byers, Capt. "Sea Illuminated As If from Below." Marine Observer 4 (1927): 25.

4417. Carnegie, A.A. (Letter), "Remarkable Display of Phosphorescence." Quarterly Journal Of The Royal Meteorological

Society 32 (1906): 280.

4418. Cartmer, G.E. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 1 (1924): 54.

XXXX. "Celestial Phenomenon and Luminescence," Notice to Mariners, May 25, 1963. Ct. B. Greenwood. (Corliss)

4419. Champion, G.S.H. "Phosphorescent Wheel." Marine Observer 33 (1963): 68.

4420. Clarke, H.S. "Phosphorescent Wheels." Marine Observer 32 (1962): 120.

4421. Clarke, N. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 26 (1956): 78.

4422. Clarke, R.E.D. (Letter), "Phosphorescence of the Sea." Nature 139 (1937): 592.

XXXX. Clark, W.A.; "Bioluminescence," Marine Observer, 52 (1982): 134. (Corliss)

4423. Collingwood, Cuthbert. "On the Luminosity of the Sea." Journal Of Science 4 (1867): 500-508.

4424. "Un corps lumineux." L'astronomie 10 (1891): 312.

4425. "A correspondent of the Times." Nature 72 (1905): 106.

4426. Cowrie, R.E. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 47 (1977): 17-18.

4427. Crump, R. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 47 (1977): 110.

4428. "Curieux phénomène observé en mer." Ciel Et Terre 23 (1902): 230.

4429. "Curious Light Phenomena of the Indian Seas." Scientific American 106 (1912): 51, 58.

4430. "A Curious Phenomenon of Light in the Sea in the Indian Waters. " Nautisk-Meteorologisk Aarbog, 1910, pp. xli-×lv.
4431. Curphey, F.N. "Luminescence." Marine Observer 41 (1971): 18-19.

4432. Dawson, E.E.N. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 7 (1930): 169.

4433. Dennis, T. "Phosphorescence Seen in the Air." Marine Observer 25 (1955): 149.

XXXX. Dewar, M.D.; "Phosphorescence," Marine Observer, 9 (1932): 114. (Corliss)

4434. “Do Earthquakes Cause Glowing 'Wheels' on the Sea?" New Scientist 10 (1961): 528.

4435. Duncan, S. Sinclair. "Phosphorescence.' Marine Observer 5 (1928): 245.

4436. Durant, Robert J. "Light Wheels and Holograms That Use Acoustical Radiation." Pursuit 5 (January 1972): 13-16.

4437. Durant, Robert J “Light 'Wheels' under the Sea." Pursuit 6 (January 1973): 7-10.

4438. Durant, Robert J "More on Light Wheels." Pursuit 5 (April 1972): 33-35.

4439. Durant, Robert J “Submarine Lightwheels." Pursuit 7 (July 1974): 58-59.

4440. Edgell, J.A. 'Illumination of the Sea." Marine Observer 3 (1926): 132-33.

4441. Evans, H. "Phosphorescent Wheels." Marine Observer 27 (1957): 90-91.

XXXX. Evans, J.O.; "Phosphorescence of the Sea," Marine Observer, 8 (1931): 230. (Corliss)

4442. Evans, J.W. ''Phosphorescence.'' Marine Observer 25 (1955): 210.

4443. Findlay, J. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 2 (1925): 156.

4444. Francis, G.G. "Phosphorescent Wheels." Marine Observer 34 (1964): 70.

XXXX. Fraser, N. “Recollections of Marine Bioluminescence,” Marine Observer 68 (1998): 195 (Corliss)

4445. Fyfe, T. "Phosphorescent Wheels.” Marine Observer 42 (1972): 61-62.

4446. Gardiner, J. Stanley. (Letter). Nature 104 (1920): 563-64.

4447. Gilchrist, J.A. "Phosphorescent Wheels." Marine Observer 26 (1956): 80-81.

4448. Glover, F.D. "Phosphorescent Wheels." Marine Observer 20 (1950): 6. (Letter), J.W. Termijtelen, 229-32.

4449. Gordon, A.S. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 6 (1929): 170.

XXXX. Greig, N.J. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 66 (1996): 62 (Corliss)

4450. Griffin, G.A. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 8 (1931): 165-66.

4451. Halpin, K.J. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 47 (1977): 19-20.

4452. Harris, R.E. "A Strange Phenomenon." Nature 21 (1880): 409-10.

4453. Harrison, P.P.O. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 26 (1956): 198.

4454. Harrison, P.P.O. "Phosphorescent Wheels." Marine Observer 34 (1964): 69-70.

4455. Henney, A "Phosphorescent Wheels." Marine Observer 26 (1956): 138.

4456. Henney, A. "Phosphorescent Wheels." Marine Observer, 24 (1954): 73-74.

XXXX. Herring, Peter “Lights in the Night Sea,” New Scientist, (Feb. 23, 1984): 47 (Corliss)

XXXX, Herring, Peter J. “"Phosphorescent Wheels: Fact or Fiction?." Marine Observer 55 (1985): 194 (Corliss)

XXXX. Herring P.J. and Watson, M.; "Milky Seas: A Bioluminescent Puzzle," Marine Observer, 63 (1993): 22. (Corliss)

XXXX. Herring, R.M.; "Bioluminescence," Marine Observer, 64 (1994): 178. (Corliss)

4457. Hilder, Brett. “Luminescence." Marine Observer 39 (1969): 13-15.

4458. Hilder, Brett "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 31 (1961): 184.

4459. Hilder, Brett "Phosphorescence and Radar." Marine Observer 25 (1955): 149-50.

4460. Hilder, Brett (Letter), "Radar and Phosphorescence at Sea.” Nature 176 (1955): 174-75.

4461. Hocking, R.W. "Phosphorescent Wheel." Marine Observer 7 (1930): 240.

4462. Hoseason, W.S. "Remarkable Phosphorescent Phenomenon Observed in the Persian Gulf, April 4 and 9, 1901."

Quarterly Journal Of The Royal Meteorological Society 28 (1902): 29-32.

4463. Howe, D. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 47 (1977): 109-10.

XXXX. Hughan, D.S.; "Bioluminescence," Marine Observer, 66 (1996): 62. (Corliss)

XXXX. Huyghe, Patrick “Wheels of Light, Sea Fire,” Oceans 20 (Dec. 1987): 20 (Corliss)

XXXX. Hutson, J.; "Bioluminescence," Marine Observer, 66 (1996): 14. (Corliss)

4464. "Illumination of the Sea." Nature 2 (1870): 165.

4465. Innes, D. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 48 (1978): 118-19.

XXXX. Jackman, C.; “Phosphorescent Beams,” Marine Observer 10 (1933): 122 (Corliss)

4466. Jenkins, C.N. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 24 (1954): 8.

4467. Johnston, R. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 33 (1963): 16-17.

4468. Kalle, Kurt. "Die rätselhafte und 'unheimliche' Naturerscheinung des 'explodierenden' und des 'rotierenden'

Meeresleuchtens: Eine Folge lokaler Seebeben?" DEUTSCHE HYDROGRAFISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT 13 (1960):49-77.

4469. Kalle, Kurt. "Wheels of Light." Sea Frontiers 15 (1969): 116-22.

XXXX. Kent, D.R.; "Phosphorescent Wheels," Marine Observer, 67 (1997): 192. (Corliss)

4470. Kuzmanov, Zoran. "Bioluminescent Phenomena Observed in the South China Sea." Marine Observer 53 (1983):

85-91.

XXXX. Lakeman, J.D.; "Bioluminescence,” Marine Observer, 56 (1986): 68. (Corliss)

4471. Lardler, D.A. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 51 (1981): 116.

4472. Last, J.C.W. "Phosphorescent Wheel." Marine Observer 24 (1954): 206-207.

4473. Lehepuu, K. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 52 (1982): 76-77.

4474. "A lengthy article on 'white water.'" Nature 67 (1903): 423.

4475. Lewis, David. "Wind, Wave, Star, and Bird." National Geographic 146 (December 1974): 747, 751.

4476. Lewis, M.W. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 32 (1962): 181.

XXXX. Ley, Willy; "Rotating Luminous Wheels in the Sea," Galaxy, 20 (August 1962): 101. Cr. P. Hassall. (Corliss)

4477. "Luminescence: Gulf of Siam." U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office, Notices To Mariners, 1962, no.38, sec. VI, p. xvii.

4478. "Luminous Fog." Monthly Weather Review 36 (1908): 371.

4479. "Luminous Phenomena on the Sea during a Thunderstorm." Nature 138 (1936): 278.

XXXX. "Luminous Wheels Puzzle Seamen," New Scientist, 33 (1967): 447. (Corliss)

4480. "A Luminous Sea." Scientific American 42 (1880): 359-60.

4481. "Luminous Wheels puzzle Seamen." New Scientist 33 (1967): 447-48.

4482. McIntosh, D.D. "Luminescence." Marine Observer 38 (1968): 180.

4483. Maclaren, J.B. "Phosphorescent Wheel." Marine Observer 20 (1950): 139-40.

4484. MacMillan, D. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 6 (1929): 171.

XXXX. Marsh, C.H. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 62 (1992): 177 (Corliss)

4485. Messinger, P.A. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 51 (1981): 17.

4486. "The Meteorological Chart of the Indian Ocean for March." Nature 86 (1911): 90.

4487. "A Milky Sea." English Mechanic 31 (1880): 153.

4488. "The Milky Sea." Popular Science Monthly 17 (1880): 573-74.

4489. Minto, Wallace L. "What Lights the 'wheels'?" Fate 17 (July 1964): 53-56.

4490. Mitchinson, E.L. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 25 (1955): 93.

4491. Moffat, B. Forbes. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 26 (1956): 197-98.

4492. Mordue, J.A. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 3 (1926): 70.

4493. Morris, A., and J.B. Settles. "The Incredible Wheels." Fantastic Adventures 10 (May 1948): 177.

4494. Morrison, J. '"Luminescence." Marine Observer 42 (1972): 111-12.

4495. Morton, K. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 48 (1978): 118.

4496. Moss, Edward L. (Letter), "'Report of an Unusual Phenomenon Observed at Sea.'" Nature 20 (1879): 428.

2907. Musya, Kinkiti. "Investigations into the Luminous Phenomena Accompanying Earthquakes. “BULLETIN OF THE

EARTHQUAKE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, (Tokyo Imperial University) 10 (1932): 666-73.

XXXX. Musya, Kinkiti ; "On the Luminous Phenomena that Accompanied the Great Sanriku Tsunami in 1933," Earthquake

Research Institute, Bulletin, sup. Vol. 1 (1934): 87. (Corliss)

4497. "Mysteries Of the Persian Gulf." English Mechanic 64 (1897): 516.

4498. "Mysteries of the Persian Gulf." Scientific American 76 (1897): 331.

4499. "Mysterious Luminous Phenomenon at Sea." Scientific American 121 (1919): 551.

4500. Naismith, A. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 24 (1954): 137.

XXXX. Nature, 72 (1905): 106. (Corliss)

4501. Naysmith, G.A. "Phosphorescent Wheel." Marine Observer 24 (1954): 207.

4502. Nettleship, J.G. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 17 (1947): 11-12.

4503. Nettleship, J.G "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 27 (1957): 91-92.

4504. Nimmo, W. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 26 (1956): 199.

4505. Nordenskjö1d, A.E. "Nordenskjö1d's Greenland Expedition of 1883." Scientific American Supplement 17 (1884):

6740.

4506. Orrell, W. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 23 (1953): 7.

4507. P., F. (Letter), "White Water." English Mechanic 77 (1903): 149-50.

4508. Paice, J.M. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 24 (1954): 8-9.

4509. Palmer, A.R. "'The White Water.'" Nature 104 (1920): 563.

4510. Patterson, S.C. (Letter), "Display of Phosphorescence." Quarterly Journal Of The Royal Meteorological Society 33

(1907): 294.

4511. Paul, W.B.B. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 21 (1951): 75.

4512. Penman, B. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 50 (1980): 114-15.

4513. Peterson, Grant M. (Letter), "Ocean-Going Wheels." Amazing Stories 19 (September 1945): 169-70.

4514. Phillips, R. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 54 (1984): 78-79.

XXXX. "Phosphorescent Sea," Nature, 125 (1930): 513. (Corliss)

XXXX. "Phosphorescent Sea Gives Reading Light," New York Times, November 23, 1925. Cr. M. Piechota. (Corliss)

4515. "Phosphorescence of the Sea in the Gulf of St. Lawrence." American Journal Of Science, ser. 1, 18 (1830): 187-88.

XXXX. "Phosphorescence of the Sea in the Gulf of St. Lawrence," Royal Institution, Journal 1 (1830): 194. (Corliss)

XXXX. "Phosphorescent Wheel," Marine Observer, 20 (1950): 229. (Corliss)

4516. "Phosphorescent Wheel." Info Journal, no.1 (Spring 1967): 46-47.

4517. Pidgeon, Daniel. (Letter), "A White, or Milky Sea." Nature 58 (1898): 520-21.

4518. "Pinwheels of Light in the Ocean." Fate 11 ·(December 1958): 45-50.

4519. Pringle, J. Eliot. "Report Of An Unusual Phenomenon Observed At Sea.” Nature 20 (1879): 291.

XXXX. Prior, James; Voyage along the eastern coast of Africa: to Mozambique, Johanna, and Quiloa; to St. Helena; to Rio

de Janeiro, Bahia, and Pernambuco in Brazil, in the Nisus frigate (London: Sir R. Phillips, 1819). G. Eberhart, from

Corliss reference.

XXXX. Pritchard, B.; Bioluminescence, Marine Observer, 69 (1999): 107. (Corliss)

4520. Putt, R.O. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 8 (1931): 227.

4521. Randell, G.G. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 6 (1929): 238.

4522. Rattray, J. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 30 (1960): 64-65.

4523. Readshaw, H.E. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 24 (1954): 136.

XXXX. Redfern, P.F.; "Bioluminescence," Marine Observer, 52 (1982): 135. (Corliss)

4524. "A Remarkable Atmospheric Phenomenon Observed at Sea." Geographical Journal 61 (1923): 66.

4525. "A Remarkable Combination of a Submarine Earthquake and Phosphorescent Seas." Science 59 (June 6, 1924):

Supplement, p. xiv.

4526. "Remarkable Illumination of the Sea." Scientific American 23 (1870): 102.

4527. Ressorp. (Letter), "Luminous Sea." Knowledge 2 (1882): 438-39.

4528. Richards, A.W. "Radar Echoes and Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 48 (1978): 20.

4529. Robertson, C. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 29 (1959): 14.

4530. Robertson, J.W. [Lee Fore Brace, pseud.]. (Letter), "Strange Phenomenon.' Knowledge 4 (1883):396.

(Letters), A. Mc.D., 5 (1884): 30; J.W. Robertson, 60.

4531. Rodewald, M. (Letter), "Phosphorescent Wheel." Marineserv Ober 24 (1954): 233-35.

4532. Round, G.E. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 54 (1984): 76-77.

4533. Rowntree, C. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 47 (1977): 17.

4534. Rundle, A.A, "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 51 (1981): 66.

4535. Rutherford, W. "Phosphorescent Wheel." Marine Observer 30 (1960): 128-29.

XXXX. St. Lawrence, P.F.; "Radar Interference,'' Marine Observer, 60 (1990): 17. (Corliss)

4536. Salt, C. "Luminescence in the Air," Marine Observer 41 (1971): 19-20.

4537. Sanderson, Ivan T. 'Traveling Pinwheels of Tropic Waters." Fate 17 (July 1964): 42 52. Reprinted in his book,

Things. New York: pyramid, 1967. pp. 133-43.

4538. Saunders, D. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 47 (1977): 18-19.

XXXX. Sax, T.J.; "Bioluminescence," Marine Observer, 52 (1982): 137. (Corliss)

XXXX. Science, sup xiv, (June 6, 1924): 59. (Corliss)

XXXX. "'Sea of Milk' in Atlantic Reported by British Sailor," New York Times, November 1, 1931. Cr. M. Piechota. (Corliss)

XXXX. Sharp, J.; "Bioluminescence," Marine Observer, 60 (1990): 118. (Corliss)

XXXX. Shoemaker, Michael T. “”The Lightwheel Wonder,” Fortean Studies 2 (1995): 8-63

XXXX. Sidney, R.; "Bioluminescence," Marine Observer, 52 (1982): 134. (Corliss)

4539. Smith, Mrs. B.E. (Letter), "Those Wheels Again." Fantastic Adventures 11 (January 1949): 149.

4540. Smith, H.T. "Phosphorescence of the Sea." Marine Observer 8 (1931): 230-34.

4541. Spencely, T.A. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 20 (1950): 139.

4542. Stewart, R.L. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 25 (1955): 94.

4543. Stormont, E. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 21 (1951): 155.

4544. Stout, G.L. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 6 (1929): 170.

XXXX. "Submarine Earthquake Lights Up the Sea," Science News-Letter, 4 (June 14, 1924): 10. (Corliss)

4545. Sudarshan, R.D. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 49 (1979): 69.

4546. Taylor, F.C. Phosphorescence and Electrical Storm." Marine Observer (1927): 190.

XXXX. Terada, T.; "Luminous Phenomena Accompanying Destructive Sea Waves," Imperial Academy, Proceedings, 9

(1933): 367. Cr. Masuya. (Corliss)

4547. Thomas, J.H. "Phosphorescent Wheels." Marine Observer 28 (1958): 11.

4548. Thomas, M.G. "Phosphorescent Wheel." Marine Observer 44 (1974): 20-21.

XXXX. Thompson, P.C.; “Bioluminescence," Marine Observer, 62 (1992): 14. (Corliss)

XXXX. Turner, George A.; "Luminous Fog," Monthly Weather Review, 36 (1908): 371. (Corliss)

4549. Turner, R.J. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 48 (1978): 69.

4550. Turner, R.J "Marine Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 36 (1966): 20-29.

4551. Tydeman, G.F. "Phosphorescent Wheels." Marine Observer 9 (1932): 32.

XXXX. "Unusual Phenomena," Notice to Mariners, December 16, 1961. Cr. B. Greenwood. (Corliss)

4552. Vacher, H.P. (Letter), “A Luminous Sea." Knowledge 2 (1882): 282-83.

4553. Vaughan, G.E. "Phosphorescent Beams." Marine Observer 4 (1927): 209.

4554. Wallace, W.K. "Phosphorescent Wheels." Marine Observer 4 (1927): 231.

XXXX. Watson, M.M. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 65 (1995): 59 (Corliss)

XXXX. Welch, J.W.; "Bioluminescence," Marine Observer, 64 (1994): 14. (Corliss)

4555. Weston, D.L. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 26 (1956): 7.

4556. White, A.H. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 48 (1978): 118.

4557. White, R.W. "Phosphorescent Beams." Marine Observer 10 (1933): 122.

XXXX. "White Water," English Mechanic, 77 (1903): 149. (Corliss)

4558. Whitehead, J.S. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 7 (1930): 187.

4559. Whyborn, J.A. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 27 (1957): 92.

4560. Wilks, R.E. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 24 (1954): 205-206.

4561. Willcox, J.H. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 8 (1931): 165.

4562. Winn, J.K. "Bioluminescence." Marine Observer 45 (1975): 159-60.

4563. Wood, Charles E. "Sailing in a Glowing Sea." Sail 11 (September 1980): 131-32.Reprinted in Pursuit 14 (1981):

66-67.

4564. Wray, J.E. "Phosphorescent Wheel." Marine Observer 39 (1969): 13.

4565. Wright, D. "Luminescence." Marine Observer 42 (1972): 62.

4566. Yates, G.D. "Phosphorescence." Marine Observer 9 (1932): 114.